CYBERBULLYING: CONCEPT, FEATURES, AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STANDARDS FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM CYBERBULLYING

• Dilshod Shavkatovich Israilov

  Law Enforcement Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan

Objective: This article provides a comprehensive analysis of criminal liability and sentencing for cyberbullying against children in the school environment. Method: It examines the concept and key features of cyberbullying, relevant international legal standards for child protection, as well as national legislation and challenges in legal qualification of such acts.  Results: Particular attention is paid to the individualization of punishment, taking into account the personality of juvenile offenders and the impact on child victims.  Novelty: Based on the research, the author proposes measures to improve criminal legislation, judicial practice, and preventive mechanisms aimed at ensuring effective protection of children's rights in the digital educational environment.

[1] A. Nußberger, “The European Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms – a Constitution for Europe?,” Meždunarodnoe pravosudie, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 3–19, 2019, doi: 10.21128/2226-2059-2019-2-3-19.

[2] K. Julia, “The boundaries of the concepts of international journalism,” Век информации (сетевое издание), vol. 2, no. 4(5), Sep. 2018, doi: 10.33941/age-info.com24(5)2018005.

[3] Y. Bo and Z. Liwei, “The history of the legal regulation of the Chinese civil service: from antiquity to the present,” OOO "Zhurnal “Voprosy Istorii,” vol. 2022, no. 12–2, pp. 78–87, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.31166/voprosyistorii202212statyi81.

[4] Ю. Ю. ГИЛЬМУТДИНОВА, “Вопросы уголовно-правового регулирования защиты несовершеннолетних от кибербуллинга: Issues of Criminal Law Regulation of Protecting Minors from Cyberbullying,” Lex criminalis scientiarum, vol. 2, no. 4(6), pp. 305–309, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.63118/3034-3259.2025.6.4.005.

[5] R. Burrows, “The-source-dot-com-dot-au,” Offset, no. 17, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.15209/offset.v0i17.1082.

[6] J. R. Polanin et al., “A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Interventions to Decrease Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization,” Prevention Science, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 439–454, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11121-021-01259-y.

[7] J. Davis, “LEGAL RESPONSES TO CYBERBULLYING BY CHILDREN: OLD LAW OR NEW?,” University of South Australia Law Review, vol. 1, Nov. 2015, doi: 10.21913/uslrunisaslr.v1i0.1253.

[8] A. Ben Abacha, “NLM NIH at TREC 2016 Clinical Decision Support Track,” 2016, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). doi: 10.6028/nist.sp.500-321.clinical-nlm_nih.

[9] C. Nixon, “Current perspectives: the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent health,” Adolesc. Health Med. Ther., p. 143, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.2147/ahmt.s36456.

[10] J. Li, Z. Liu, and J. Liu, “Bibliometric analysis highlights racial diversity of type 2 diabetes research: Global trends from 2010 to 2024,” AIMS Public Health, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 289–305, 2026, doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2026016.

[11] A. El Asam and M. Samara, “Cyberbullying and the law: A review of psychological and legal challenges,” Comput. Human Behav., vol. 65, pp. 127–141, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.012.

[12] J. Meyer, K. Spilsbury, and J. Prieto, “Comparison of findings from a single case in relation to those from a systematic review of action research: Case study research does not make any direct claims to be generalisable to wider populations. However, Yin (1994) has suggested that by conducting a cross case analysis of innovations in similar contexts there can be wider generalisation.,” Nurse Res., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 37–59, Jan. 2000, doi: 10.7748/nr2000.01.7.2.37.c6114.

[13] A. Maksurov, “SOURCES OF LAW ON SECURITY IN THE GLOBAL INFORMATION SPACE IN THE USA: PROBLEMS OF COORDINATION OF REGULATORY LEGAL AND OTHER OFFICIAL ACTS,” in SCIENTIFIC PRACTICE: MODERN AND CLASSICAL RESEARCH METHODS, European Scientific Platform, Oct. 2021. doi: 10.36074/logos-15.10.2021.07.

[14] A. S. Mikish, “Prior Criminal Offense As A Prerequisite For Secondary Criminal Activity,” Actual problems of improving of current legislation of Ukraine, no. 54, pp. 129–138, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.15330/apiclu.54.129-138.

[15] S. Burmistrova, “Assessment of the resolution of conflicts of interest in regulatory legal acts and draft regulatory legal acts,” Russian Juridical Journal, no. 5, pp. 47–60, 2021, doi: 10.34076/20713797_2021_5_47.

[16] K. Anchan and D. Puranik, “Investigating the Effects of Doom Scrolling on Emotional States, Social Interaction Anxiety, and Sleep Disturbances in Adults,” International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, vol. 7, no. 4, Jul. 2025, doi: 10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.51057.

[17] C. E. Sluzki, “Humiliation, shame, and associated social emotions: a systemic approach and a guide for its transformation,” in Shame and Humiliation, Routledge, 2018, pp. 57–101. doi: 10.4324/9780429480096-4.

• View Article

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.