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Abstract
The regulation of international migration has become a critical global issue, necessitating cooperation across various governance frameworks. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of global and regional migration regulation systems, focusing on the roles played by key factors such as the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the Global Compact for Migration (GCM), and regional initiatives like the European Union (EU) and the African Union (AU). It highlights the strengths and limitations of these systems, utilizing statistics and case studies to illustrate their effectiveness. Global systems provide broad frameworks for cooperation but lack enforcement mechanisms, resulting in inconsistent adherence to international agreements. Conversely, regional systems offer tailored approaches that better address localized migration pressures but often struggle with political cooperation and uniformity. The analysis underscores the necessity for enhanced collaboration between global and regional systems to create a cohesive migration governance strategy that prioritizes human rights and effectively manages migration flows in an increasingly complex global landscape.
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References
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References
Betts, Global Migration Governance, Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2011.
J. F. Hollifield, Migration Theory: Talking Across Disciplines, New York, NY, USA: Routledge, 2012.
B. Ghosh, Managing Migration: Time for a New International Regime, Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2000.
K. Koser, The Politics of Migration: Managing Opportunity, Conflict and Change, Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2010.
A. Adepoju, Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa, Uppsala, Sweden: Nordic Africa Institute, 2019.
International Organization for Migration (IOM), World Migration Report 2020, Geneva, Switzerland: IOM Publications, 2020.
United Nations, Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, New York, NY, USA, 2018.
European Parliament, The Common European Asylum System and Its Reform, Brussels, Belgium, 2020.
African Union, Protocol on Free Movement of Persons in Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018.
S. Castles and M. J. Miller, The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, New York, NY, USA: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
P. Martin, International Migration: Evolving Trends from the Early Twentieth Century to the Present, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
D. S. Massey and J. Arango, Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium, Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2006.
R. Cholewinski, Migrants’ Rights at Work: Law and Practice in Six Countries, Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Organization (ILO) Publications, 2007.